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8086 汇编指令速查手册

已有 796 次阅读2014-11-5 20:30 |系统分类:嵌入式系统| 寄存器, 通用

8086 color:red">汇编指令速查手册



color:red">一、数据传输指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────



    "Times New Roman"">它们在存贮器和寄存器、寄存器和输入输出端口之间传送数据.





    1. 通用数据传送指令.



      
MOV   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">传送字或字节.



      
MOVSX  
"Times New Roman"">先符号扩展,再传送.



      
MOVZX  
"Times New Roman"">先零扩展,再传送.



      
PUSH   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">把字压入堆栈.



        POP   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">把字弹出堆栈.



      
PUSHA  
"Times New Roman"">把AX,CX,DX,BX,SP,BP,SI,DI "Times New Roman"">依次压入堆栈.



      
POPA   
"Times New Roman"">把DI,SI,BP,SP,BX,DX,CX,AX "Times New Roman"">依次弹出堆栈.



      
PUSHAD  
"Times New Roman"">把EAX,ECX,EDX,EBX,ESP,EBP,ESI,EDI "Times New Roman"">依次压入堆栈.



      
POPAD  
"Times New Roman"">把EDI,ESI,EBP,ESP,EBX,EDX,ECX,EAX "Times New Roman"">依次弹出堆栈.



      
BSWAP  
"Times New Roman"">交换32位寄存器里字节的顺序



      
XCHG   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">交换字或字节.(
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">至少有一个操作数为寄存器,段寄存器不可作为操作数)



      
CMPXCHG
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">比较并交换操作数.( "Times New Roman"">第二个操作数必须为累加器AL/AX/EAX )



      
XADD   
"Times New Roman"">先交换再累加.( "Times New Roman"">结果在第一个操作数里 )



      
XLAT   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">字节查表转换.



                color:blue">── BX "Times New Roman";color:blue">指向一张
256
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">字节的表的起点, AL color:blue">为表的索引值 (0-255, "Times New Roman";color:blue">即



                0-FFH); "Times New Roman";color:blue">返回 AL "Times New Roman";color:blue">为查表结果.
( [BX+AL]->AL
)





    2. 输入输出端口传送指令.



      
IN     
I/O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">端口输入. ( color:blue">语法: IN "Times New Roman";color:blue">累加器, { "Times New Roman";color:blue">端口号│DX}
)



        OUT   
I/O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">端口输出. ( color:blue">语法: OUT { "Times New Roman";color:blue">端口号│DX}, "Times New Roman";color:blue">累加器 )



          color:blue">输入输出端口由立即方式指定时, "Times New Roman";color:blue">其范围是
0-255;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">由寄存器 DX color:blue">指定时,



          color:blue">其范围是 0-65535.





    3. 目的地址传送指令.



      
LEA   
"Times New Roman"">装入有效地址.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LEA
DX,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把偏移地址存到DX.



      
LDS   
"Times New Roman"">传送目标指针, "Times New Roman"">把指针内容装入DS.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LDS
SI,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把段地址:偏移地址存到DS:SI.



      
LES   
"Times New Roman"">传送目标指针, "Times New Roman"">把指针内容装入ES.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LES
DI,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把段地址:偏移地址存到ES:DI.



      
LFS   
"Times New Roman"">传送目标指针, "Times New Roman"">把指针内容装入FS.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LFS
DI,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把段地址:偏移地址存到FS:DI.



      
LGS   
"Times New Roman"">传送目标指针, "Times New Roman"">把指针内容装入GS.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LGS
DI,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把段地址:偏移地址存到GS:DI.



      
LSS   
"Times New Roman"">传送目标指针, "Times New Roman"">把指针内容装入SS.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">例: LSS
DI,string  ;
"Times New Roman"">把段地址:偏移地址存到SS:DI.





    4. 标志传送指令.



      
LAHF   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">标志寄存器传送, "Times New Roman";color:blue">把标志装入AH.



        SAHF   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">标志寄存器传送,AH内容装入标志寄存器.



        PUSHF
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">标志入栈.



        POPF   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">标志出栈.



      
PUSHD  32
"Times New Roman"">位标志入栈.



      
POPD    32
"Times New Roman"">位标志出栈.





color:red">二、算术运算指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────



      
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">  ADD    加法.



      
ADC   
color:blue">带进位加法.



        INC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">加 1.



      
AAA   
"Times New Roman"">加法的ASCII "Times New Roman"">码调整.



      
DAA   
"Times New Roman"">加法的十进制调整.



      
SUB   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">减法.



        SBB   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">带借位减法.



        DEC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">减 1.



      
NEC   
"Times New Roman"">求反( 0 mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">减之).



      
CMP   
"Times New Roman"">比较.(两操作数作减法, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">仅修改标志位, "Times New Roman"">不回送结果).



      
AAS   
"Times New Roman"">减法的ASCII "Times New Roman"">码调整.



      
DAS   
"Times New Roman"">减法的十进制调整.



      
MUL   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">无符号乘法.



        IMUL
  
color:blue">整数乘法.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上两条, "Times New Roman"">结果回送AHAL( mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">字节运算), "Times New Roman"">或DXAX( mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">字运算),



      
AAM   
"Times New Roman"">乘法的ASCII "Times New Roman"">码调整.



      
DIV   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">无符号除法.



      
IDIV   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">整数除法.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上两条, "Times New Roman"">结果回送:



              商回送AL, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">余数回送AH, ( "Times New Roman"">字节运算);



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">或  商回送AX, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">余数回送DX, ( "Times New Roman"">字运算).



      
AAD   
"Times New Roman"">除法的ASCII "Times New Roman"">码调整.



        CBW    color:blue">字节转换为字. ( "Times New Roman";color:blue">把AL "Times New Roman";color:blue">中字节的符号扩展到AH中去)



        CWD   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">字转换为双字. (AX中的字的符号扩展到DX中去)



      
CWDE   
"Times New Roman"">字转换为双字. ( "Times New Roman"">把AX中的字符号扩展到EAX mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中去)



      
CDQ   
"Times New Roman"">双字扩展.    (EAX mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中的字的符号扩展到EDX "Times New Roman"">中去)





color:red">三、逻辑运算指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────



      
AND   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">与运算.



        OR     
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">或运算.



        XOR   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">异或运算.



        NOT   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">取反.



        TEST   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">测试.(两操作数作与运算,仅修改标志位,不回送结果).



        SHL   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">逻辑左移.



        SAL   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">算术左移.(=SHL)



        SHR   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">逻辑右移.



        SAR   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">算术右移.(=SHR)



        ROL   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">循环左移.



        ROR   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">循环右移.



        RCL   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">通过进位的循环左移.



        RCR   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">通过进位的循环右移.



          color:blue">以上八种移位指令, "Times New Roman";color:blue">其移位次数可达255 "Times New Roman";color:blue">次.



               color:blue">移位一次时, "Times New Roman";color:blue">可直接用操作码.   color:blue">如 SHL AX,1.



               color:blue">移位>1 "Times New Roman";color:blue">次时, "Times New Roman";color:blue">则由寄存器CL "Times New Roman";color:blue">给出移位次数.



                color:blue">如  MOV CL,04



                  
SHL AX,CL





color:red">四、串指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────



           
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> DS:SI  源串段寄存器  : "Times New Roman"">源串变址.



           
ES:DI  
"Times New Roman"">目标串段寄存器: "Times New Roman"">目标串变址.



           
CX      
"Times New Roman"">重复次数计数器.



           
AL/AX  
"Times New Roman"">扫描值.



           
D
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">标志  0表示重复操作中SI mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和DI "Times New Roman"">应自动增量; 1 "Times New Roman"">表示应自动减量.



           
Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">标志  用来控制扫描或比较操作的结束.



      
MOVS   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">串传送.



            ( MOVSB  传送字符.    MOVSW  传送字.    MOVSD  传送双字. )



      
CMPS   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">串比较.



           
( CMPSB  
"Times New Roman"">比较字符.    CMPSW
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">比较字. )



      
SCAS   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">串扫描.



           
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把AL "Times New Roman"">或AX的内容与目标串作比较, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">比较结果反映在标志位.



      
LODS   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">装入串.



           
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把源串中的元素( "Times New Roman"">字或字节)逐一装入AL mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">或AX "Times New Roman"">中.



     
      ( LODSB  
传送字符.    LODSW  传送字.    LODSD  传送双字. )



      
STOS   
"Times New Roman";color:blue">保存串.



           
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是LODS "Times New Roman"">的逆过程.



      
REP            
"Times New Roman"">当CX/ECX<>0 "Times New Roman"">时重复.



      
REPE/REPZ      
"Times New Roman"">当ZF=1或比较结果相等, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">且CX/ECX<>0 "Times New Roman"">时重复.



      
REPNE/REPNZ   
"Times New Roman"">当ZF=0或比较结果不相等, mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">且CX/ECX<>0 "Times New Roman"">时重复.



      
REPC         
"Times New Roman"">当CF=1CX/ECX<>0时重复.



      
REPNC         
"Times New Roman"">当CF=0CX/ECX<>0时重复.





color:red">五、程序转移指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────





    "Times New Roman""> 1>无条件转移指令 ( mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">长转移)



      
JMP   
color:blue">无条件转移指令



        CALL   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">过程调用



        RET/RETF color:blue">过程返回.





   
2>
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">条件转移指令 ( "Times New Roman"">短转移,-128 "Times New Roman"">到+127的距离内)



      
(
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当且仅当(SF XOR
OF)=1
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">时,OP1<OP2 )



      
JA/JNBE
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">不小于或不等于时转移.



      
JAE/JNB
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">大于或等于转移.



      
JB/JNAE
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小于转移.



      
JBE/JNA
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小于或等于转移.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上四条, "Times New Roman"">测试无符号整数运算的结果( "Times New Roman"">标志CZ).



      
JG/JNLE
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">大于转移.



      
JGE/JNL
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">大于或等于转移.



      
JL/JNGE
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小于转移.



        JLE/JNG 小于或等于转移.



         
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上四条, "Times New Roman"">测试带符号整数运算的结果( "Times New Roman"">标志S,OZ).



      
JE/JZ  
"Times New Roman"">等于转移.



      
JNE/JNZ
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">不等于时转移.



      
JC      
"Times New Roman"">有进位时转移.



      
JNC   
"Times New Roman"">无进位时转移.



      
JNO   
"Times New Roman"">不溢出时转移.



      
JNP/JPO
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">奇偶性为奇数时转移.



      
JNS   
"Times New Roman"">符号位为 "0" "Times New Roman"">时转移.



      
JO      
溢出转移.



      
JP/JPE  
"Times New Roman"">奇偶性为偶数时转移.



      
JS      
"Times New Roman"">符号位为 "1" "Times New Roman"">时转移.





   
3>
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">循环控制指令( "Times New Roman"">短转移)



      
LOOP           
CX
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">不为零时循环.



        LOOPE/LOOPZ    CX color:blue">不为零且标志Z=1 "Times New Roman";color:blue">时循环.



        LOOPNE/LOOPNZ  CX color:blue">不为零且标志Z=0 "Times New Roman";color:blue">时循环.



      
JCXZ            CX
"Times New Roman"">为零时转移.



      
JECXZ          ECX
为零时转移.





   
4>
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中断指令



      
INT   
color:blue">中断指令



        INTO   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">溢出中断



        IRET   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">中断返回





   
5>
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">处理器控制指令



      
HLT   
color:blue">处理器暂停, "Times New Roman";color:blue">直到出现中断或复位信号才继续.



        WAIT   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">当芯片引线TEST color:blue">为高电平时使CPU "Times New Roman";color:blue">进入等待状态.



        ESC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">转换到外处理器.



        LOCK   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">封锁总线.



        NOP   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">空操作.



        STC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">置进位标志位.



        CLC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">清进位标志位.



        CMC   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">进位标志取反.



        STD   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">置方向标志位.



        CLD   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">清方向标志位.



        STI   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">置中断允许位.



        CLI   
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">清中断允许位.





color:red">六、伪指令



mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">───────────────────────────────────────



      
DB      定义字节.



DW       "Times New Roman"">定义字(2字节).



      
PROC   
"Times New Roman"">定义过程.



      
ENDP   
"Times New Roman"">过程结束.



      
SEGMENT
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">定义段.



      
ASSUME  
"Times New Roman"">建立段寄存器寻址.



      
ENDS   
"Times New Roman"">段结束.



      
END   
"Times New Roman"">程序结束.




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